Ms. Moore's Block 4 Anatomy & Physiology Spring 2020 Assignments

Neurons and The Action Potential
A. Read Chapter section 17.11 “The Nerve Impulse” in the online CK-12 textbook (linked below).
B. View the Bozemanscience video about the action potential (linked below)
C. Work through the PHET simulation (linked below)
D. List the sequence of events involved in generating and ending an action potential on a Google Document, and submit the document for grading:

Read Chapter sections 12.3 "The Function of Nervous Tissue" in our online OpenStax textbook (linked below), answer the questions below on a Google Document, and submit the document for grading.
Chapter 12.1 Questions:
1. Distinguish the major functions of the nervous system: sensation, integration, and response
2. List the sequence of events in a simple sensory receptor–motor response pathway

Go to Unit 7 "Histology of Nervous Tissue" on the A/P Lab Website linked below.
Open the images in #1 (both the original and the “close-up” image and in #5 (also both the original and the “close-up” image). Draw each of the 4 images, label them, and describe each image on the attached document. Scan your finished document and submit it for grading.

Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
A. View the Bozemanscience video "The Nervous System" linked below"

B. Read Chapter 12.1 "Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System" and Chapter 12.2 "Nervous Tissue" in the online OpenStax textbook (linked below). On a Google Doc, answer the questions listed below, and then submit the finished document for grading.
Chapter 12.1 Questions:
1. Identify the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system.
2. Relate the functional and structural differences between gray matter and white matter
structures of the nervous system to the structure of neurons.
3. List the basic functions of the nervous system.
Chapter 12.2 Questions:
1. Describe the basic structure of a neuron.
2. Identify the different types of neurons.
3. List the glial cell of the CNS and describe their functions.
4. List the glial cells of the PNS and describe their functions.

Using the information from the previous assignment "Muscle Contraction and Relaxation" make a model showing how muscle contraction occurs (skip the relaxation part). The model and its parts should be labeled using terms listed in the "Muscle System Vocab II" list and should accurately show how muscle fibers contract. A movable model could be made for presentation in a Zoom meeting where you demonstrate how the muscle fibers contract while you explain the parts and what they do. Or you could use your phone to make a stop-motion video that includes the same information.
Presentation: 2 points
Static labeled model: 6 points

1. Read Chapter 10.3 “Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation” in the online OpenStax textbook (linked below).
2. View the Crash Course video: "Big Guns: The Muscular System" (linked below).
3. Study the vocabulary list "Muscular System Vocab II" (attached below).
4. Study the steps of muscle contraction and relaxation in the document attached below.
5. On a Google Doc, answer the questions listed below and then submit the finished document for grading.
Note: #2 and #3 can be combined. For #3 you should make a numbered list of events clearly written in complete sentences.
1. Describe the components involved in a muscle contraction,
2. Explain how muscles contract and relax,
3. Describe the sliding filament model of muscle contraction (see the comment above),

Use Chapter sections 11.3-11.6 or any Anatomy & Physiology textbook to fill out the attached chart "Muscle Action Chart". Either download the chart to fill in by hand or type in your information. There is a separate chart for each of you.

Learn the names of some muscles! Go to the Anatomy Arcade website linked below and do the "Poke-a-Muscle" game. Keep trying until you have completed 2 levels for both the anterior and posterior muscles.. Submit screenshots that show your scores as evidence that you played the game through the 2nd level.
Note- you need Flash enabled so make sure Flash and pop-ups are allowed in the Chrome settings. The setting should be "Ask First" for Flash and then you can click on the game to get the "allow Flash" pop-up. Let me know if you need help with that.
Also- you can turn off the music by clicking on the music icon in the bottom left of the game screen.

1. View the Crash Course video "Muscles, Part 2 - Organismal Level: Crash Course A&P #22" (linked below)
2. Read Chapters 11.1 "Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems and 11.2 "Naming Skeletal Muscles in the online OpenStax textbook (linked below).
3. Study the vocabulary terms in the vocabulary list "Muscular System Vocabulary I" (linked below}.
4. On a Google Doc, answer the questions listed below, and then submit the finished document for grading.
Chapter 11.1 Questions
1. Compare and contrast agonist and antagonist muscles.
2. Describe how fascicles are arranged within a skeletal muscle.
3. Explain the major events of a skeletal muscle contraction within a muscle in generating force
Chapter 11.2 Questions
1. Describe the criteria used to name skeletal muscles.
2. Explain how understanding the muscle names helps describe shapes, location, and actions of various muscles.

You have been assigned a specific synovial joint to model and present. Where there are two names, each person must make their own model.

Plane joint- Evan

Hinge joint- Alexa & Amber

Pivot joint- Regina & Mitchell

Condyloid joint- Andrew & Sampson

Saddle joint- Jordan

A. Build a model of a synovial joint to accurately show the structure and function (mobility) of that type of joint. Insert photos of your model and write a description of your joint model on a Google Doc and submit it to our Google Classroom. (6 points)
B. Present your joint model in the next Zoom meeting. Show how the model works and describe what the model represents. (2 points)
Example:
Attached below is an example of a joint model. The one in the photo is a model of a ball-and-socket synovial joint made from a ball, a stick, and a cup.

Your written and oral descriptions should include:
1. The type of joint your model represents, where you would find this type of joint in the body, how the joint moves (including the limitations in motion), and the function of the joint in the body.
2. Descriptions of the materials you used to make the joint and what each part represents. The model can be made of any household objects put together to make a functional model.

A. Memorize the vocabulary list “Skeletal System Vocabulary List III” (linked in a separate assignment)
B. View the Crash Course video on joints linked below.
C. Read Chapter 17.27 in the CK-12 online textbook (linked below) about joints. There is a video embedded in the reading that you should watch as well.

Answer the following review questions on a Google Doc and submit it to the Google Classroom
1.What differentiates a synovial joint from other types of joints?
2. For each joint, give the type of joint it is and a general description of how that joint type can move.
a. Ulna/Radius.
b. Knee
c. Elbow.
d. Thumb carpal/metacarpal.
e. Shoulder.
f. Finger carpal/metacarpal.

1. Download or save to your Google Drive the attached vocabulary list ("Skeletal System Vocabulary III". Click on "Mark as done" when you have saved the vocabulary list.

2. Memorize the definitions and explanations for a test at a later date.

1. Download or save to your Google Drive the attached vocabulary list ("Skeletal System Vocabulary II". Click on "Mark as done" when you have saved the vocabulary list.

2. Memorize the definitions and explanations for a test at a later date.

1. Read Chapter 7.3 "The Vertebral Column" and Chapter 7.4 "The Thoracic Cage" in the online textbook linked below.
2. Draw and label both structures on a document, scan it, and submit it to the Google Classroom for grading. Use color or some other way to emphasize the various structures and include the relevant structures listed in the Skeletal System Vocab list II.

Please go to the University of Wisconsin's A&P Lab Website. Go to the table of contents and click on Unit 6 “Histology of Bone and Cartilage”. The link to Unit 6 is below. Draw, color, and describe in your own words the specimens listed below with regard to bone anatomy.
Here is the list:
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Compact (dense) bone
3. Spongy (cancellous) bone
4. Haversian bone model

Scan your illustrated and labeled document and save it to your computer. Submit your scanned document to the Google Classroom.

This is an open-book/open-notes test. It is due Wednesday night. Please answer with details and depth.

Answer the questions :)
Don't forget to click on the "turn in" button to turn in the assignment.

Integumentary Test Review Assignment
I will be giving a test soon to each of you individually through an online meeting platform for part of the test. The other part is the vocab section of the text and that will be in the form of a written online test.

Part 1: Google Form Test
1. Know the definitions/explanations of the words on both vocabulary lists (lists I and II)
Make flash cards and quiz yourself or ask someone at home to quiz you in both directions. Given a word what is the definition and given a definition what is the word. Some of you do this anyway but if you don’t, it’s a good way to study vocab lists. I have attached the two lists below for your convenience.

To hand in:
Part 2: To prepare for the online Individual oral discussion answer the following questions and submit your document and hit the "Turn in" button- you must do both.
2. Describe the layers of the skin (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis).
3. Explain how skin helps maintain body temperature.
4. Explain the role of melanin in the skin.

To complete this assignment make sure you submit your part 2 document and click on the the "Turn in" button.

Answer the questions :)
Don't forget to click on the "turn in" button to turn in the assignment.

Read the article "Stem Cells: The Real Culprits in Cancer?" and answer the questions listed below. Write your answers on a Google Doc and submit the document here for grading. The article is written in an advanced reading level, and much of the technical terminology can be understood through the context in which it is situated. You should also google terms and processes to help you figure out what the article is about. My questions highlight what I think is important but if you start with the questions without having read the information the article won't make much sense. I have added a wordlist at the bottom for your convenience and there is a short video about how stem cells are involved in cancer and other additional links.

Anatomy & Physiology Scientific American article: Stem Cells
Read “Stem Cells: The Real Culprits in Cancer?” by Clarke and Becker (Scientific American, July 2006) and answer the following questions in depth according to the article:
1. How is cancer usually treated?
2. What do the authors think is a better way of eliminating cancer cells?
3. How do stem cells produce new tissue?
4. How do stem cells maintain constant numbers of themselves?
5. What are the genetic similarities between stem cells and cancer cells?
6. Besides genetic similarities, what are other similarities between stem cells and cancer cells?
7. The authors describe two models to explain malignancy- what are they? (explain).
8. What is the connection between the longevity of stem cells, accumulation of mutations, and the appearance of tumors years after cell damage?
9. “Closing In” section: summarize where therapy stands today, the role of stem cells, and what the authors think needs to be done in stem cell research.

Note: your answers must be in your own words according to how you understand the article.

Wordlist:
Malignant: tumors that spread to other parts of the body.
Transformation: genetic changes that result in cells being able to divide indefinitely.
Differentiation: a process: by which cells mature in order to carry out specific physiological tasks. (Involves the expression of certain genes and the suppression of others)
Proliferate: to divide; growth by increase in numbers
Progenitor cells: The cells that give rise to other cells.
Hematopoietic stem cells: stem cells that form all of the blood cells.
Oncogenic: genes involved in transformation.
Longevity: long life span